Chi-rectangular assessment were utilized that have categorical details; ANOVAs were used which have continued parameters

To research demographic, wellness condition, and you can comorbidity differences between schizophrenia caregivers, and you will low-caregiver control, and anywhere between schizophrenia caregivers, or other caregivers, bivariate analyses were did.

Covariates indexed above (class and you may health functions) was indeed registered towards just one logistic regression design in order to assume getting proper care in order to an adult diligent having schizophrenia vs. maybe not delivering care and attention. Some other independent logistic regression design is cost anticipate delivering proper care to an adult patient that have schizophrenia compared to. men and women taking take care of people that have an ailment aside from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia caregivers was in fact coordinated to help you low-caregiver and other caregiver respondents towards inclination score with the “greedy” coordinating algorithm . A 1:2 complimentary ratio is adopted, each schizophrenia caregiver was matched up to a couple of low-caregiver control respondents and you can alone to help you a couple of caregivers out-of other requirements. Post-matches, differences between these types of communities was re also-looked at to verify sufficient matching. Also, the fresh new complimentary was limited to ensure that the matches was in fact in this for every single 5EU nation.

Differences on HRQoL, and self-reported comorbidities were examined post-matching to quantify the burden of schizophrenia caregiving as a function of humanistic outcomes. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to test for statistical differences across i) those providing care for an adult relative with schizophrenia vs. those not providing care for an adult relative and ii) those providing care for an adult relative with schizophrenia vs. those providing care for an adult relative with a condition other than schizophrenia. Statistical significance was set at 2-tailed p <0.05.

Results

All in all, 398 schizophrenia caregivers, 158,989 low-caregivers control and you may 14,341 caregivers off almost every other standards were known via 5EU NHWS across the 2010, 2011 and 2013. In this overall decide to try out-of 173,728 adults across the 5EU, twenty-five.4 % was basically inside the France, 25.step three % into the Germany, 25.6 % in the united kingdom, 14.0 % inside the Italy, and you may 9.6 % for the Spain.

Schizophrenia caregivers versus. non-caregivers

The average age of schizophrenia caregivers was 45.3 years (SD = 15.8 years), 59.6 % were female, 52.5 % were currently employed, and 14.8 % reported an income of ? ˆ50,000/??40,000. Before matching, schizophrenia caregivers compared with non-caregivers, were more likely to be female (59.6 % vs. 51.4 %), less likely to be married/living with partner (57.4 % vs. 62.8 %), reported lower annual household income, were less likely to be employed (52.5 % vs. 57.7 %), more likely to currently smoke (36.7 % vs. 26.1 %), and reported greater comorbidity burden via the CCI, all p <0.05. No statistically significant differences on age, education level, BMI, alcohol use, and exercise behaviors were found between the two groups (see Table 1).

After propensity matching, schizophrenia caregivers were more likely to report experiencing sleep difficulties (42.7 % vs. 28.5 %), insomnia (32.4 % vs. 18.5 %), pain (39.7 % vs. 30.4 %), headaches (48.0 % vs. 42.0 https://datingranking.net/biracial-dating/ %), heartburn (31.7 % vs. 22.9 %), anxiety (37.9 % vs. 23.6 %), and depression (29.4 % vs. 19.4 %) in the past 12 months than non-caregivers, all p <0.05. Based on the PHQ-9, schizophrenia caregivers reported greater severity of depressive symptoms than non-caregivers (p <0.001). Schizophrenia caregivers were also more likely to currently be using a prescription medication to treat depression (17.6 % vs. 8.2 %, p <0.001) than non-caregiver controls. Schizophrenia caregivers reported significantly lower MCS (40.3 vs. 45.9), PCS (46.8 vs. 49.0), and health utility (0.64 vs. 0.71), compared with non-caregivers (all p <0.001) (see Table 2).

Schizophrenia vs. almost every other caregivers

Before propensity matching, schizophrenia caregivers compared with caregivers of other conditions, were younger (45.3 vs. 49.1 years), less likely to be married/living with a partner (57.4 % vs. 68.1 %), had lower annual household income, were more likely to currently smoke (36.7 % vs. 29.2 %), and reported greater comorbidity burden, all p <0.05. No statistically significant differences on gender, education level, employment status, BMI, alcohol use, and exercise behaviors were found between the two groups (see Table 3).